[ํ’€์Šคํƒ] 3 Layer Router, IP address, DNS

2023. 4. 8. 19:14ใ†ComputerScience/FullStackProgramming

 

 

 

Packetizing

packetizing -> ์œ„์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์—, ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ, ์ฆ‰ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค.

  • Encapsulating the payload in a network- layer packet at the source and decapsulating the payload from the network-layer packet at the destination
  • In other words, one duty of the network layer is to carry a payload from the source to the destination without changing it or using it.
  • The network layer is doing the service of a carrier such as the postal office -> ์˜ค ~ 
  • It is responsible for delivery of packages from a sender to a receiver without changing or using the contents. 
  • Other duties of the network layer, which are as important as the first, are routing and forwarding, which are directly related to each other.

 

 

 

TCP / IP

 

Connectionless packet-switched network 
Datagram Approach in Network Layer (Internet Philosophy)

TCP/IP ->  ๋ฏธ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ํ•ตํญํƒ„์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋”๋ผ๋„ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 

๋นˆํŠธ ์„œํ”„์™€ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์นธ์ด ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํ†ต์‹ ๊ทœ์•ฝ(TCP/IP)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ํŒจํ‚ท ์ „์†ก์— ์„ฑ๊ณต

๋ฏธ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”์ง„ํ•œ ์•„๋ฅดํŒŒ๋„ท ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ

 

  • 1) 1์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค!
    2) ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธธ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ
    3) ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•… -> R2 ๋Œ€์‹  R4๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ž.
    4) ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์žŠ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š” 
         (ํ™•๋žœ) ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€
    5) ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์‹œํ–‰ 
         ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋”๋‹ˆ, ๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋ฒ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋žœ๋ค์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ฐฉ

 

  • ์ด๊ฒŒ ์™œ ํ•ตํญํƒ„์ด๋ž‘ ์—ฐ๊ด€?
  • R2๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค -> ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ›„๋ณด์—์„œ ์ง€์›Œ
  • ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์œผ๋ฉด, ์ธ์ ‘ ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฐํšŒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค. 

 

  • ๋Œ€์žฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. 
  • ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘
  • ์ค‘์•™ ํ†ต์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์™•์„ ์žก์œผ๋ฉด ๋๋‚จ -> TCP/IP๋Š” ์™„์ „ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

 

  • ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ •๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ 
  • ex) ์ดˆ๊ณ ์†์ค„๋กœ ์ง€์ •๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก 
  • ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์šฐํŒ… ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 
    OSI 7๊ณ„์ธต ์ƒ ์ด๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง 
    -> ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ™” ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ

 

 

Forwarding process in a router

  • ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๋Š” ํƒœ์ด๋ธ”์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 
  • ํŒจํ‚ท์˜ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ , ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ง€ ๋ผ์šฐํŒ… ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค. 
  • ์ด๋ฅผ ์›์น˜ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค. 
  • ์™„์ „ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ -> ์ค‘์•™ ์ง‘์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜

 

 

 

https://networkencyclopedia.com/internet-protocol-ip/

 

 

 

IPv4 Address

  • The identifier used in the IP layer of the TCP/ IP protocol suite to identify the connection of each device to the Internet is called the Internet address or IP address
  • An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address that uniquely and universally defines the connection of a host or a router to the Internet
  • The IP address is the address of the connection, not the host or the router

 

  • ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ผ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. 
  • ์•„์ดํ”ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…
  • ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ’

 

 

 

๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค - ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด

 

 

 

Prefix - ๊ฒฝํฌ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋งŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

 

 

 

  • ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๋ž€?
    ์˜†์˜ ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ or ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ค„์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”
  • ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ๋ผ์šฐํŒ… ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
  • ์˜† ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์œผ๋ฉด? ์Ÿคํ•œํ…Œ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค„๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ 

 

  • ์ •๋ณด : ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…, ํฌ์›Œ๋”ฉ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”
  • ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ: ์˜†์˜ ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด, 
  • ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.
  • ์ด๊ฑธ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋ฐ›์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
  • ํ•ด๋‹น ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ

 

 

 

IP Datagram format - ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋Š”๋‹ค

 

 

 

IP Address

  • An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.
  • An IP address serves two main functions
    : host or network interface identification and location addressing.
  • ์ƒ์œ„ ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ณด๋‚ธ ์ •๋ณด - payload
  • ๊ทธ ์•ž, ๋’ค์— ๋‚˜์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ธ๋‹ค.
  • ์•ž์— ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ํ—ค๋”, ๋’ค์— ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋Ÿฌ

 

  • 3๊ณ„์ธต ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ฃผ์†Œ ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ธธ์„ ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. 
  • IP ์ฃผ์†Œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด? 
    • ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์งœ๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋ณ€ํ™” X 
    • ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ํŒจํ‚ท(๋‚ด ์ •๋ณด) ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์—†๋‹ค
  •  IP ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์Œ
    • IP ์ฃผ์†Œ์˜ destination๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. 
    • ํ•ด๋‹น ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์Œ์„ฑ์ธ์ง€, ํ–…ํ‹ฑ์ธ์ง€, ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์ธ์ง€ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. 

  • ์œ ์„  - ๊ณ ์ • IP
  • ๋ฌด์„  - (๊ณต์œ ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์‹œ) IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๋™
  • ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ดํ”ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
  • ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์•ž์— ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์“ด๋‹ค. 

 

 

 

Domain Name

  •  A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control within the Internet.
  • Domain names are used in various networking contexts and for application-specific naming and addressing purposes.
  • ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ip ์ฃผ์†Œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค 
  • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์†Œ๋Š” ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ๋„ค์ž„
  • ์—ญ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ range๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์–ด์ง (์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์•„, ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ, ๊ฒฝํฌ๋Œ€ : khu.ac.kr)
  • ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›น์€ 4๊ณ„์ธต์œผ๋กœ tcp๋ฅผ ๊น๋‹ค. 
  • http / https ํ†ต์‹  ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘์†ํ•  ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ๋„ค์ž„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„ 

 

Domain Name System (DNS)

  • Most prominently, it translates more readily memorized domain names to the numerical IP addresses
    needed for locating and identifying computer services and devices with the 
    underlying network protocols.
  • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ - ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ
    ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ - IP ์ฃผ์†Œ
  • ์ค‘์žฌ์ž: ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ๋„ค์ž„์„ IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค -> DNS

 

  • DNS ์„œ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 
  • ํ•ด๋‹น ์„œ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์œผ๋ฉด, ๋„ค์ด๋ฒ„ ์„œ๋ฒ„์™€ ์œ ์ €์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ์–ด๋„, ํ†ต์‹  ๊ดด๋ฉธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • ๋ช‡ ๋…„์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. 

 

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

  •  DHCP server dynamically assigns an IP address and other network configuration parameters to each device on a network so they can communicate with other IP networks.

 

  • IP ์ฃผ์†Œ ์„ค์ •๋ฒ• 2๊ฐ€์ง€
  • ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• + ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ -> ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ip ๊ณ„์ธต์— ํ• ๋‹น๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? 
  • ์œ ๋ฌด์„  ๊ณต์œ ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์— ์„œ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 
  • ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์œ ๊ธฐ์— ์ ‘์† -> ๊ณต์œ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ iP ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ• ๋‹น -> ์ž„์‹œ ip ์ฃผ์†Œ -> ์žฌ์ ‘์† ์‹œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถ€์—ฌ
  • 172, 192, 10.01 ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์†Œ

 

  • ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. 
  • ๊ณต์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง‘ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 
  • ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ 4500๋งŒ๋Œ€ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ -> ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ๋งŒ 2์–ต๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์†Œ ํ•„์š”
  • 32๋น„ํŠธ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†์ด ๋ถ€์กฑ -> ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” iP ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?

 

 

 

Understanding Basic Networking Technologies

Network & Port Address Translation

  • NAT: Network Address Translation
  • PAT: Port Address Translation
  • Private IP: IP Address in the Private Zone (Behind NAT/PAT)
  • Public IP: IP Address in the Public Zone (Public Internet)

 

  • 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ค‘
    SK ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž : 1500๋งŒ๋ช… 
    ๋ชจ๋‘ iP ์ฃผ์†Œ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋“ค ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ 32๋น„ํŠธ ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
    ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์€ ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑด๊ฐ€?
    skt๋„ ๊ณต์œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค. 

 

  • ์œ ๋ฌด์„  ๊ณต์œ ๊ธฐ - ์œ ์„ ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์„ ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค. -> ์—‘์„ธ์Šค ํฌ์ธํŠธ
    ๋ญ˜ ์—‘์„ธ์Šคํ• ๊ฑด๋ฐ? ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

    ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท - 32๋น„ํŠธ IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜๋ฉด,
    ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค -> ์œ ๋‹ˆํฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์†Œ 
    public ip address 
    ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ•™๊ณผ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ ‘์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

 

  • ์œ ๋‹ˆํฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ - ์œ ๋ฌด์„  ๊ณต์œ ๊ธฐ์˜ ‘๊ณต์œ ’ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ
    ip address ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ip ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•œ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณต
    1500๋งŒ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋ชป ์คŒ. N๊ฐœ -> ์ด๊ฑธ ํ™• ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ 1๊ฐœ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •
  • 3๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๊นฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํ†ต์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋™์ผ
    3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ -> ip ์ฃผ์†Œ ์ฃผ๊ธด ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•จ
    ํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณต
  • ์œ ๋ฌด์„ ๊ณต์œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์†Œ๋Š” iptime : 192.068.1.X
    ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค. 
    privite address! != public address
    ์ฆ‰, ์œ ๋ฌด์„ ๊ณต์œ ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค. 

 

  • ํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์†Œ์Šค ip 192.168.0.2 -> ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ip ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜
    ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค.
    ๋ชจ๋‘ 3๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ destination์ด ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉด ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. 
    ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด PAT ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. 
  • ์ง„์งœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์œ ๋‹ˆํฌ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋Š” Public 32 ๋น„ํŠธ IP address
    ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ€์กฑ -> ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” IP address - private
    ์ด ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ -> NAT

 

  •  ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ธ IP ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์€ Connection-less ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ, Sender ๊ฐ€ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด ์ง„ ์ดํ›„,
    ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ Receiver์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ
  • ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 4๊ณ„์ธต ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • Router ๋“ฑ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์žฅ๋น„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์˜ ์†์‹ค๊ณผ ๋ฒ„ํผ๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ฐ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ
  • IP Address๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ NAT/PAT, DHCP ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ IP Address์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค
  • ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์  IP Address๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์–‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ด์œ 

 

 

 

OSI 7๊ณ„์ธต ์ค‘ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ด
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท 123 ๊ณ„์ธต : ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ
์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๊นŒ? 

๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋ณด์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†๋‹ค. 
๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—๋Ÿฌ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3๊ณ„์ธต
๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋ƒ„
๋ณด๋‚ธ ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 

๋ณด์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค.

๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ์— ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด / ๋ฒ„ํผ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ ์˜ค๋ฒ„

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ž„์—๋„ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 
ํŒจํ‚ท์ด ์†์‹ค๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค.