3.7 Resource ServicesAll systems have limits imposed by their hardware architecture and configuration to ensure reasonable operation and to keep users from accidentally (or maliciously) creating resource shortages. (오오.. 모든 시스템은 한계를 가진다 by 안정성)At a minimum, the hardware limits must be imposed on processes that run on the system. It is usually desirable to limit processes further, below these har..

2.9 The Fast FilesystemA regular file is a linear array of bytes and can be read and written starting at any byte in the file. The kernel distinguishes no record boundaries in regular files, although many programs recognize line-feed characters as distinguishing the ends of lines, and other programs may impose other structure. No system-related information about a file is kept in the file itself..

2.7 I/O System OverviewThe basic model of the UNIX I/O system is a sequence of bytes that can be accessed either randomly or sequentially. There are no access methods and no control blocks in a typical UNIX user process. Different programs expect various levels of structure, but the kernel does not impose structure on I/O. For instance, the convention for text files is lines of ASCII characters ..