2024. 05. 24 Friday경희대 뤼튼 아이디어톤 예선 🏆뤼튼 캠퍼스리더 활동 중가장 중요한 ✨ 교내 아이디어톤 예선을 개최하였습니다 :5월에 진행한 예선 대회지만, 시험 기간 동안정리를 못해두다가, 이제서야 wrap-up을 해봅니다.. 🥳결론: 성공적으로 마무리되어서, 넘 다행이고 뿌듯했다아 -                         🥳준비하는 동안 운영진 회의도 자주 하고,,행정실에서 막히는 바람에 학생회분들께도움도 많이 받고, 뤼튼에서도 적극적으로 도와주셔서 "정말" 어렵게 열린 대회였거등요 .. .  이번 경험으로, 교내에서 행사를 진행할 때에는반.드.시 먼저 학생회를 컨택해야 하는구나 .뼈저리게 깨달았구요 .. . ☠️  🏅그래도 스스로 교내 대회를 만들어보고, 구체적인 기획 ..

3.4 Clock InterruptsThe system is driven by a clock that interrupts at regular intervals. Each interrupt is referred to as a tick. On the PC, the clock ticks 1000 times per second. At each tick, the system updates the current time of day as well as user-process and system timers.  Handling 1000 interrupts per second can be time consuming. To reduce the interrupt load, the kernel computes the num..

3.3 Traps and InterruptsTraps, like system calls, occur synchronously for a process. Traps normally occur because of unintentional errors, such as division by zero or indirection through an invalid pointer. The process becomes aware of the problem either by catching a signal or by being terminated. Traps can also occur because of a page fault, in which case the system makes the page available an..

3.2 System CallsThe most frequent trap into the kernel (after clock processing) is a request to do a system call. System performance requires that the kernel minimize the overhead in fielding and dispatching a system call. The system-call handler must do the following work:Verify that the parameters to the system call are located at a valid user address, and copy them from the user’s address spa..

Run-Time OrganizationThe kernel can be logically divided into a top half and a bottom halfThe top half of the kernel provides services to processes in response to system calls or traps. This software can be thought of as a library of routines shared by all processes. The top half of the kernel executes in a privileged execution mode, in which it has access both to kernel data structures and to t..

3.1 Kernel OrganizationThe FreeBSD kernel can be viewed as a service provider to user processes. Processes usually access these services through system calls. Some services, such as process scheduling and memory management, are implemented as processes that execute in kernel mode or as routines that execute periodically within the kernel.In this chapter, we describe how kernel services are provi..

Byte-Pair Encoding tokenizationhttps://youtu.be/HEikzVL-lZU어떻게 토큰화의 단위가 결정되는지 알 수 있다.   + Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) was initially developed as an algorithm to compress texts, and then used by OpenAI for tokenization when pretraining the GPT model. It’s used by a lot of Transformer models, including GPT, GPT-2, RoBERTa, BART, and DeBERTa. 1) 캐릭터 별로 모두 분리하기 2) Pair 단위로 빈도 수 count 3) 가장 많은 빈도를 보여주는 ..

Tokenization and Embedding: Science Behind Large Language Model Every input that we are providing to GPT is nothing but a token (numerical id) or a sequence of tokens. GPT doesn’t understand the language the way humans do but it just processes sequence of numerical ids, that we call tokens. But how does it find the association among words(tokens) and provide human like response, here comes the c..

2.13 Network-Layer ProtocolsMost of the communication domains supported by the socket IPC mechanism provide access to network protocols. These protocols are implemented as a separate software layer logically below the socket software in the kernel. The kernel provides many ancillary services, such as buffer management, message routing, standardized interfaces to the protocols, and interfaces to ..

2.12 Interprocess CommunicationInterprocess communication in FreeBSD is organized in communication domains. The most important domains currently supported include the local domain, for communication between processes executing on the same machine; the IPv4 domain, for communication between processes using the TCP/IP protocol suite (version 4); and the IPv6 domain, which is the newest version of ..